战斗的发展.doc

斗 栱 的 发 展 演 变 内容提要 本文主要概述的是中国古建筑中斗栱的发展演变——各时期不同的特点。前两章简单描述了斗栱在古建筑中的重要性以及清式和宋式斗栱的认知，最后一章为各时期斗栱不同特性的详述。文中运用了大量的图片和注解，目的是为了更易懂一些！ 自 序 我和古建筑结识将近两年半的时间了。自从我渐渐走进并喜欢它后，便觉得读懂它用尽我的一生也不足，但我宁愿和它作伴，因为它是一种艺术和乐趣。 临近毕业了，当我拿到了论文题目时，第一个映入我眼帘的题目就是《斗栱的发展演变》，而后也有再改。我曾看过梁思成的《建筑史》、《营造法式注释》、《清营造则例》等书籍，还有潘谷西与何建中编著的《营造法式》解读一书，受益匪浅。 斗栱是贯穿中国木结构体系的代表特征，是其它建筑体系所没有的，读懂它需要有一定的古建斗拱知识基础，就我所学只是皮毛而已，我也深知写好它难度很大，于是我搜集、参考了些相关资料，给予我帮助。我再载着对它的激情，满怀热情地去做。 王学辉 己丑年元月 目 录 斗栱概述··················································4 斗栱简史··················································4 斗栱在中国建筑体系的作用··································4 第一章注释·······················································5 两部“文法”之斗栱········································5 清式斗栱简介··············································5 宋式斗栱简介··············································7 清、宋式斗栱的关联········································9 （一）宋、清式斗栱构件名称对照表·······························9 （二）宋、清式材制表···········································10 （三）宋、清用材比较···········································11 第二章注释·······················································11 斗栱在各时期的形式与发展··································12 汉时期····················································12 魏晋、南北朝时期··········································12 隋唐时期··················································13 宋辽时期··················································15 元、明、清时期············································17 第三章注释·······················································18 附录·······························································18 参考文献···························································21 后记·······························································21 第一章 斗栱概述 一、斗栱简史 斗栱是中国古代建筑特有的形制。自从考古学家发掘的殷代遗址证明，至迟在公元前15世纪，这个独特的建筑体系已经基本形成，似乎斗栱的雏形也开始出现了。在历史的长河中，随着建筑文化的交流和发展，斗栱也经历了一个长期发展演变的过程。而这种形制也传到了日本、朝鲜以及东南亚国家，成为东方独有的“中国古典建筑体系”的共同