从单子特性看莱布尼茨对知识主体的探究.pdf

第 4 卷 第 3 期 昆明理工大学学报 (社会科学版) Vol4 2004 年 9 月 　　 Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology Sep2004 从单子特性看莱布尼茨对知识主体的探究 韩跃红 ( 昆明理工大学 法学院 , 云南 昆明 650224) [摘 要] 从莱布尼茨的 《人类理智新论》和 《单子论》中梳理其认识论思想 , 尤其是他对认识主体 的看法 。莱布尼茨把一种精神客体 ———单子作为认识的主体 , 意在说明和强调认识主体的能动性和认识 的辨证发展性质 , 但这种唯心主义的解决方式必然引申出天赋观念而最终走向先验论 。尽管如此 , 莱布 尼茨对认识主体的探究对于德国古典哲学发生了积极影响 , 对于我们今天面临的一些现实问题也不无启 发意义 。 [ 关键词] 单子 ; 能动性 ; 辨证性 ; 天赋观念 [ 中图分类号] B51622 　　　 [文献标识码] A 　　　 [文章编号] 1671 - 1254 (2004) 03 - 0008 - 04 A Monadic Perspective on Leibniz ’s Research into the Subject of Knowledge HAN Yue - hong ( ) Faculty of Law , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650224 , China Abstract :Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz ’s epistemological thought , especially his view on the subject in his epistemology has been combed from his New Essays on the Human Understanding and Monadology. That Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz took a kind of spiritual subject - the monad - as the cognitive subject in his epistemology is meant to show and emphasize the activity of the cognitive subject in his epistemology and the nature of knowledge’s dialectical progress. However , this kind of mode of idealist conception is to bring about innate ideas and finally result in transcendentalism. Even so , Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz’s research into the cognitive subject in his epistemolo gy had some positive influence on German classical philosophy and is still