中国外交的转折点.doc

中国外交的转折点——能否挣脱近代外交的桎梏？ China’s Foreign Policy at a Crossroads 近代以来的外交原则 是继续坚持近代以来的外交原则，还是确立全新的原则？或许我们可以认为，中国外交如今正处于这样一个转折点。 近代以来的中国外交主要存在三大原则。第一个原则是重视主权和统一。这是指对遍及中国自己设定的国境线范围内的领土和国民广泛地行使主权，如有其它政权行使主权，极力阻止和驱逐；如果存在其它宣称自己是中国中央政府的政府，将最大程度地打压其外交空间，进而排斥并实现统一。这一点意味着所谓的“让中国成为不折不扣的中国”才是中国外交的根本所在。 第二个原则是开展有利于中央政府的政策，尤其是有利于内政的外交活动。这不仅意味着外交是内政的延伸，也意味着内政有可能受到外交的推动，两者具有双向联系。这与第一个原则也存在重合，意味着内政方面的原则也可适用于外交原则。同时，这也意味着中国并非将自己封闭于国际社会的动向之外，而是与国际社会保持着各种联系，并将受其影响而发生变化。 第三个原则是提升国际地位。这既是实质层面，又是感觉层面的东西。实质层面，即是在国际联盟和联合国等国际组织中的定位，以及作为第二次世界大战同盟国中“四大国”之一等目所能见的国际地位；而感觉层面，则是指在国际媒体的评价和世界言论中的定位等。尽管后者是不可见的，但中国却时常对此反应敏感。 上述几点也可以说是所有主权国家共同的原则。但中国迄今以来一直非常重视其“近代性”。而对摆脱了近代的重负之后将何去何从的问题，或许没有做过明确的设想。 China may be seen as now standing at a crossroads in its foreign policy: Will it continue on its current path, holding on to the principles that have guided its foreign policy throughout the modern era, or will it head in a different direction, adopting a new set of guiding principles? The Principles of China’s Foreign Policy We can identify three major principles that have guided China’s foreign policy in modern times. One is an emphasis on national sovereignty and unification. This means exercising sovereign control over the territory and people within the boundaries set by China itself. If another regime asserts its sovereignty over territory within these boundaries, China does its utmost to block and eliminate that regime. If another government claims to be the central government of China itself, China works to minimize the diplomatic space in which the other government can operate, aiming for its eventual elimination and unification of the country. This relates to the core element of China’s foreign policy, namely, to “let China be China.” The second principle of China’s foreign policy is to conduct it in a manner that will promote the central government’s agenda, particularly its domestic policies. This does not simply mean that international affairs are an extension of domestic affairs. It also means th