Chinese Self-appellation in Different Contexts 不同语境下中国的自我称谓.pptVIP

Chinese Self-appellation in Different Contexts Four Parts 1.Conversation 2. Speaking model(DellHymes) 3. Analysis 4.Conclusion 1.Conversation (殿试前夕?各举人间的对话) 李某某：在下乃襄阳人士,祖上世代书香，得此荫庇，自 小便诗牍砌案，袖墨盈香，今日能有幸和五湖好友同聚金銮，比论六艺，实属人生之快事！ 张某某：区区不才，寒暑苦读数载，科举三度却只落得个举人头衔。 苏某某：两位若是在殿试上拔得头筹，必当光耀祖宗门楣！这等锦上添花之事，小生自是不能搅了混局。 郭某某：仁兄此言差矣，鄙人以为科举之用旨在一邦一国之兴替而绝非一宗一族之荣辱。 考官听得此言上前道 “老朽（老拙）倒是要听听这位公子的高论了” 郭某某面见考官竟战战兢兢 一言哽喉再不能言语。其弟上前代言道“晚生之舍兄，生性温厚，不善言辞，刚刚私论朝政实为无心之举，小可不才，自幼学吏，亲睹本朝之弊政种种，只恨书生百无一用，徒然痛心而无力” The variation of “I” in contexts 我，咱，俺，偶 本人，个人 吾，予，人家 在下，鄙人，敝人，小可，晚生，晚辈，不才，未学， 卑职，下官，臣。奴才，老奴，小人，小的，咱家 愚兄，为兄，小弟，兄弟，哥们，姐们 爷们，老子，乃公，老娘， 佬 贫尼，贫僧，贫道 朕，孤，孤家，寡人，妾身 老朽，老拙，老夫，一把老骨头，老汉，老太婆 Questions 1.Why should we use different Self-appellations? 2. How are these Self-appellations used? context Speaking Model Who the participants（P） are and use what Instrumentality (I) in what Settings (S) to show the Ends (E). Participants It refers to the people who are present at or play roles in contexts. ↓social relationship Between same position e.g. 我 咱 The superior to the subordinate 爷 老子 The subordinate to the superior 在下 小的 S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G Model Setting instrumentality Instrumentality It means one uses different forms and styles of speech to adapt to the situation one faces. 1.Dialect :吾，上海话；偶，福建话：额，佬 陕西话 When local people talk, they can use their dialect to express the self appellation. 吾喜欢学习。偶是学生。 For example: In Shaanxi, when someone was surprised at something, he would say 额的神啊! 额的天啊！额的妈呀！ 2.Mandarin:我，咱。 It is widely used among various people. For example: when we talk in daily life, if we need to use I ,we will say 我或咱. 我去上课。咱吃饭去。 Setting Setting refers to the time and place of a speech act and, in general, to the physical circumstances“ .And it requires people to use appropriate self-appellation to adapt to different occasion