6 Low Energy Educational Buildings低能耗示范建筑 - UEA.PPTVIP

* * * Don’t need the English on this slide so Chinese is fine * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Arrangement of Cells on Facade Individual cells are connected horizontally As shadow covers one column all cells are inactive If individual cells are connected vertically, only those cells actually in shadow are affected. Cells active Cells inactive even though not covered by shadow * Use of PV generated energy Sometimes electricity is exported Inverters are only 91% efficient Most use is for computers DC power packs are inefficient typically less than 60% efficient Need an integrated approach Peak output is 34 kW 峰值34 kW * Actual Situation excluding Grant Actual Situation with Grant Discount rate 3% 5% 7% 3% 5% 7% Unit energy cost per kWh (￡) 1.29 1.58 1.88 0.84 1.02 1.22 Avoided cost exc. the Grant Avoided Costs with Grant Discount rate 3% 5% 7% 3% 5% 7% Unit energy cost per kWh (￡) 0.57 0.70 0.83 0.12 0.14 0.16 Grant was ~ ￡172 000 out of a total of ~ ￡480 000 Performance of PV cells on ZICER Cost of Generated Electricity * Peak Cell efficiency is ~ 9.5%. Average efficiency over year is 7.5% Mono-crystalline Cell Efficiency Poly-crystalline Cell Efficiency Efficiency of PV Cells Peak Cell efficiency is ~ 14% and close to standard test bed efficiency. Most projections of performance use this efficiency Average efficiency over year is 11.1% Inverter Efficiencies reduce overall system efficiencies to 10.1% and 6.73% respectively * Comparison of other PV Systems Location Monitoring Period System Efficiency (%) Source Northumberland Building, University of Northumbria. 1995-1997 8.1 Pearsall Solar Office Doxford International, Sunderland, UK Mar 1998-May 2000 7.5-8 Jones Jubilee Campus, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK Sept 2000-Aug 2001 8 Riffat and Gan Eco Energy House, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK Sept 2000-May 2002 3.6 Omer et al. Gaia Energy Centre, Delabole, Cornwall, UK Jan 2003-June 2003 9-10 DTI