第2章 自然环境中的物质运动和能量交换（The motion of matter and energy exchange in the second chapter of natural environment）.docVIP

第2章 自然环境中的物质运动和能量交换（The motion of matter and energy exchange in the second chapter of natural environment） The second chapter is about the material movement and energy exchange in the natural environment First, the material composition and circulation of the earths crust Textbook title Main points analysis basic content First, the material composition of the earths crust 1 minerals Concept Minerals are simple substances or compounds that have chemical or physical properties Mineral resources When useful minerals are enriched in nature and are mined, they are called minerals Basic minerals Existing form There are three kinds: gas, liquid and solid. Quartz (SiO2) is the most abundant mineral in nature. Classification of minerals Metal ore, common hematite, magnetite and so on. Non-metallic minerals are common quartz, feldspar, mica, calcite and so on, Among them, energy minerals and gem minerals are the most important. 2 Rock Concept Rock is a larger solid mineral assemblage in the lithosphere (crust) consisting of one or more minerals. Classification Magmatite: magma condensation, can be divided into intrusive rocks, such as granite; extrusive rocks, andesite, basalt flow pattern. Sedimentary rock: rock exposed to the surface, formed by weathering, erosion, transport, deposition, consolidation, diagenesis. Such as conglomerate, shale, limestone, sandstone. Sedimentary rocks have two prominent features: bedding structures and fossils. Metamorphic rock: a change in rock conditions, such as temperature, pressure, etc., that results in changes in the original structure, mineral composition, etc. of rocks. Such as granite, gneiss, limestone, marble, sandstone, quartzite, shale, slate Two, the material cycle of the earths crust 1 geology loop Concept Refers to a large mass cycle between the lithosphere and its underlying asthenosphere. Energy source The energy that drives geological cycles mainly comes from the decay of radioactive material from the earths interior. Influ