食品工程原理概念（Principles and concepts of food engineering）.docVIP

食品工程原理概念（Principles and concepts of food engineering） 1.2 basic concepts [1-1] is there shear stress in viscous fluid at rest, and is there shear stress when the ideal fluid moves? If the fluid does not have shear stress at rest, does it mean that they are not viscous? Answer: by Newtons law of internal friction, the shear stress is proportional to the velocity echelon, so there is no shear stress when the viscous fluid is at rest. By the definition of ideal fluid, no viscous fluid is ideal fluid, so there is no shear stress when the ideal fluid flows. When the fluid is at rest, no shear stress does not mean no viscosity, but it does not manifest itself. Viscosity is the property of the fluid itself. [1-2] what is the physical nature of stickiness? Why does the temperature rise and the gas viscosity rises while the liquid viscosity decreases? Answer: viscosity is an important property of fluid flow. Its physical essence is the macroscopic manifestation of the magnitude of molecular cohesion and the intensity of molecular thermal motion. When the fluid flow, due to intermolecular cohesion and molecular thermal motion of momentum exchange, the macro mobile streaming layer (speed U) pull in flow near the molecular in the molecular layer, and the flow velocity near the layer to u- u flow, cohesion is higher or the molecular thermal motion momentum exchange the smaller, the larger the viscosity (i.e. u smaller). For the liquid, when the temperature increases, the distance between the molecules is increased, while the thermal motion is also enhanced at this time due to the distance between the molecules increase caused by decreased cohesion is greater than the effect brought by the movement of heat, so the effect of viscosity, liquid viscosity decreased with increasing temperature (i.e. u increase). For gases, because intermolecular distances are much larger than liquids, the effects of intermolecular cohesion on viscosity are secondary. As the temperature increases, the