相位共存和临界点对称性等概念其中利用相互作用玻色子模型ibm.pptVIP

1、引言 2、量子相变 3、相图 4、 构建特征量 5、临界点对称性 以前，当核系统处于临界点（或发生相变）时，很难处理，其主要原因是由于不同自由度的混合和竞争。最近，Iachello提出临界点对称性，即E(5)和X（5）等对称来描述核系统处于临界点的行为。 6、临界点核 目前，这方面的工作已经做了很多。 X(5)核 152Sm,104,106Mo，122Ba,162Yb, 154Gd, 150Nd,170W,176Os,166Hf和 156Dy. 5. 结论 在相互作用玻色子模型理论框架下，在两参数空间分析了U（5）-O（6）和U（5）-SU（3）形状过渡区的临界现象，得到了简单的相图，发现核系统确实存在形状相变现象，而且随着核系统玻色子数的增加，相变现象更显著，并由构建的特征量很好的描述这一现象。分析了临界点对称性能谱特征、相关描述量和目前已找到的临界点核的结构特性。 Casten 和扩展Casten三角形（Casten et al, J. Phys.G,34(2007) X(5)典型能谱结构和B(E2)相对值 E(5)典型能谱结构和B(E2)相对值 a) X(5)核 Fig.6. Level scheme of the X(5) symmetry (right) as compared with the IBM calculations (left) for N = 9. Fig.10. Level scheme of the X(5) symmetry (right) as compared with the IBM calculations (left) for N = 10. Fig.11. Level scheme of the X(5) symmetry (right) as compared with the IBM calculations (left) for N = 11. Fig.12. Level scheme of the X(5) symmetry (right) as compared with the IBM calculations (left) for N = 12. Fig.13. Comparison of the RL values of the ground state bands in X(5) predictions with the IBM calculations with N = 9, 10, 11, and 12. Fig.14. Comparison of the B(E2) values of the ground state bands in X(5) predictions with the IBM calculations with N = 9, 10, 11, and 12. Fig.16. The experimental B(E2;L+ ? (L–2)+)/B(E2;2+– 0+) values of the ground state bands of 150Nd as ompared to the E(5) and IBM calculations. . Fig.17. The experimental B(E2;L+ ? (L–2)+)/B(E2;2+– 0+) values of the ground state bands of 152Sm and 104Mo, as compared to the E(5) and IBM calculations. Fig.18. The experimental B(E2;L+ ? (L–2)+)/B(E2;2+– 0+) values of the ground state bands of 154Gd, 166Hf and170W, as compared to the E(5) and IBM calculations. J. Jolie et al. E(5)核 134Ba,102Pd,106Cd,108Cd, 114Cd, 130Xe, 104Ru, 108Pd 和 128Xe等 Fig. 19 Level scheme of E(5) symmetry (right) compared with the IBM calculations (left) for N = 5. Fig. 20 Level scheme of E(5) symmetry (right) compared with the IBM calculations (left) for N = 6. Fig. 21 Level scheme of E(5) symmetry