有机化学简史（A brief history of Organic Chemistry）.docVIP

有机化学简史（A brief history of Organic Chemistry） Development History The term organic chemistry was first proposed by Berzelius in 1806. It was then named as the antithesis of inorganic chemistry. Because of the limitation of scientific conditions, organic chemistry can only be extracted from organic plants and animals. Therefore, many chemists believe that organic compounds can be produced in organisms because of the so-called vitality, which can not be synthesized by inorganic compounds in the laboratory. In 1824, Ville, a German chemist, made oxalic acid from the hydrolysis of cyanide. In 1828, he inadvertently converted ammonium cyanate into urea by heating. Both cyanide and ammonium cyanate are inorganic compounds, while oxalic acid and urea are organic compounds. The experimental results give vhailor vitality theory first shock. Since then, organic compounds such as acetic acid have been synthesized by carbon, hydrogen and other elements, and the vitality theory has been gradually abandoned. Because of the improvement and development of synthetic methods, more and more organic compounds are constantly synthesized in the laboratory, most of which are synthesized in different conditions with organisms. The theory of vitality has been abandoned gradually, and the term organic chemistry is still used today. The concept of valence bonds from the early nineteenth Century to the 1858 was the beginning of organic chemistry. In this period, many organic compounds have been isolated, some derivatives have been prepared, and their qualitative descriptions have been made, and some properties of organic compounds have been recognized. Lavoisier, a French chemist, discovered that organic compounds burn to produce carbon dioxide and water. His work lays the foundation for quantitative analysis of organic compounds. In 1830, the German chemist Liebig developed carbon and hydrogen analysis, in 1833 the French chemist Duma established analysis method of nitrogen. The establishment