烷和烯烃的性质（Properties of alkanes and alkenes）.docVIP

烷和烯烃的性质（Properties of alkanes and alkenes） Methane and alkanes 1, organic molecules in carbon atoms and carbon atoms by C C are connected into a carbon chain, chain organic compounds remaining all valence saturated by H formation, known as saturated hydrocarbons, referred to as alkanes. The most representative substances in alkanes are methane, also known as methane, pit gas, natural gas and so on. Methane is a colorless odorless gas whose density is smaller than that of air and insoluble in water. C atoms in methane CH4 molecules form covalent bonds with SP3, and the bond angles are 109.5 degrees, forming a tetrahedral structure. The chemical properties of methane are mainly reflected in combustion and substitution reactions: Methane combustion: Phenomenon: the flame is bright and pale blue. 1molCH4 emits 890kJ heat, products CO2 and H2O, and the product is free of pollution. Therefore, natural gas with methane as the main component is a kind of clean energy. Methane can be burned, but not oxidized by acid KMnO4 solutions; Substitution reaction of methane: The mechanism of this reaction is a hydrogen atom in methane molecule substituted by a chlorine atom of chlorine molecules, in turn generated methyl chloride, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, with another chlorine atom replaced by hydrogen atoms and molecules in hydrogen chloride, chlorine, reaction products with a total of 5. The methane can be decomposed under high temperature: CH4, C2H2 2, the structure and properties of alkanes and methane is similar to that under normal circumstances, melting point and boiling point alkanes increased with increasing C atom numbers, the density increases, the number of C atoms at the same time, with the chain increased, melting point decreases, the number of carbon atoms in the molecule is less than or equal to 4 alkanes, gaseous at room temperature and pressure all; alkanes are insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents. Because of the similar mole