离子、化学式与化合价（Ion, chemical formula and valence）.docVIP

离子、化学式与化合价（Ion, chemical formula and valence） Speaker: Huanggang middle school senior teacher Fu Jun A week of intensive A summary of a week This week we learn unit fourth topic 3: 4 topics: ion, chemical formula and valence. This unit teaching is an important part of double base, is to adapt to the modern social life lay the foundation necessary for students lifelong learning and in the future, so the unit materials is very important for the students, it is not only the learning theory of chemistry, and is an essential tool. Two, focus on the knowledge induction and explanation (a), a hierarchical arrangement of extranuclear In the presence of multi electron atoms, electrons are layered in motion, the lowest energy, from the nuclear layer recently called the first, from inside to outside in turn. (two), schematic diagram of atomic structure For the representation of atomic nuclei, n said the number of protons, with arc said electronic layer number on the arc indicates the number of electrons of the layer, using the above method can represent the structure of the atom. Such as O, Na of atomic structure: (three) and the characteristics of all kinds of elements of atomic structure 1, stable structure The outer layer has 8 electrons (the outer layer is the first layer has 2 electrons) structure is a stable structure. 2, rare gas elements The outer layer has 8 electrons (He 2), the chemical nature is stable, generally do not react with other substances. 3, metal elements The outermost electron number is usually less than 4, easy to lose the outermost electrons in a chemical reaction, the outer layer into the outer layer, up to 8 stable structure of electronic. 4, non metallic elements The outermost electron number is generally greater than or equal to 4, to get electron in a chemical reaction, so that the outermost reaches a stable structure. The relationship between the outermost electron number of the chemical properties of elements with its atoms are very close. (fou