中西文化概论概要.ppt

Agricultural civilization and commercial civilization: A research of the economic pattern and life style of Chinese and Western ancestors The agricultural civilization rising on the earth of China Archaeological discoveries from the ancient ruins of gentile community Ancient books and records Legends about the ancient heroes The construction of some Chinese characters Economic and political life Archaeological discoveries from the ancient ruins of gentile community: Farm implements: stone axes, stone shovels, bone hoes, pottery machetes, plough-like farm tools, etc. Crops: millet, rice Livestock: pigs, dogs, horses, cattle, etc. Information from ancient books and records: The drainage and irrigational system “禹稷躬稼而有天下。” ---《论语.宪问》 “禹平洪水，定九州，制土田，各因所生远近，赋入贡。” ---《汉书.食货志》 Ancient legends about ancient heroes: Shen Nung, who made the plough-like farm tools in ancient China ; Hou Ji, god of agriculture; Fu Xi, god of fishery and husbandry Lei Zu, who imparted the skill of silkworm bearing and silk-articles making Da Yu, who successfully controlled floods; Wang Hai, the inventor of oxcart… “炎帝于（作）火而死为灶，禹劳天下为社，后稷作稼垣而死为稷，羿除天下之害而为宗布，此鬼神所以立。” ---《淮南鸿烈集解》 The construction of some Chinese characters Carapace-bone-scripts： “男，丈夫也，从田从力，言男用力于田也。” “里，居也，从田从土。” ---《说文》 Economic and political life Political life: the system of enfeuoffment; the ritual of the emperor and the empress doing farm work; the rituals of god-of-land-and-grain worship and heaven worship “天子亲率诸侯耕帝籍田……以教民尊地产也；后妃率九嫔蚕于郊，桑于公田，是以春夏秋冬皆有麻丝蚕茧之功，以力妇教也。” ---《吕氏春秋.上农》 Economic life: the improvements of farming tools and techniques; large-scale projects of water conservancy The less important component parts of Chinese cu