新编英美概况 美国教育 英文PPT.ppt

American Education;1.Introduction;;Under the US Constitution , the federal government has no power to make laws in the field of education . It is the state government that is responsible for education within its own territory . ;The federal government can give financial help but not orders in education . Schools are provided and managed by local community boards of education , whose members are elected . Most schools are run on taxes by local districts and states ; In the United States elementary education begins at the age of six . In some school systems ,elementary school includes grades from one to eight . ;The next four years are called high school . In other school systems, there are three divisions : elementary school ( grades one to six ) ,junior high school ( grades seven to nine ) , and senior high school ( grades ten to twelve ) . ;Elementary schools teach reading ,arithmetic , and language arts such as creative writing , spelling , and handwriting . Social studies , science , music , art ,and physical education are also part of the program . Classes are held five days a week from Monday to Friday . Elementary teachers have often been trained in schools of education , and most of them have normally completed the university degree . ;The students go to high schools automatically after finishing their elementary school education . There is no entrance examination . The high schools , junior and senior ,have a good reputation in the country . They take their responsibilities very seriously . They have guidance counselors to whom children can go privately if they have any special problems , especially about their careers ;Average tuition for parochial school students was about $2,600, and for nondenominational school students at least $5,000 per year in the mid-1990s . The average teacher salary in private schools was $27,300 in 2007-2008 , a fraction of the $43,650 earned by public schools teachers . And male teachers earned substantially more than t