呼吸-英文班和7年制最后稿.pptVIP

Outline Section I: Pulmonary Ventilation Section II: Gas Exchange in Lungs and Tissues *Section III: Transport of O2 and CO2 in Blood. Section IV: Regulation of Respiration Important Structures Associated with Pulmonary Ventilation Airways The pathway for air flow: nose-alveoli To protect the body: Protection Against microorganisms by preventing entry and removing them To warm and humidify the inspired air Alveoli Number: 300millions Diameter: 0.25mm Total area: 70m2 Two groups of cells I：small alveolar cells II：large alvoelar cells (DPPC). Rrespiratory Membrane (RM) The membraneous structure that gas molecules must cross when gas exchange occurs between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries. (also named alveolar membrane, alveolar-capillary membrane). Composition of RM 1. Fluid and surfactant； 2. Epithelial cells of alveoli 3. Basement membrane of alveoli 4. cleft 5. Basement membrane of capillary 6. Endothelial cells of capillary Thickened RM: pulmonary edema, fibrosis Decreased area of RM: fibrosis, emphysema Surface Tension and Surface Active Substance (Surfactant) What is Surfactant? surface-tension-decreasing substances Examples： Secretion Cells：type II alveolar cells Chemical： DPPC Importances: 1. Enhance the compliance of the lungs 2. Prevent pulmonary edema 3. Stabilize the alveoli Thorax, Pleural Cavity and Intrapleural Pressure Pleural cavity： the airtight and potential cavity formed by the visceral and parietal pleura. It is filled with pleural fluid Intrapleural Pressure Definition: the pressure in the pleural cavity. Normal value: 750mmHg The end of inspiration；-5 — -10mmHg The end of expiration：-3 — -5mmHg The lowest and highest value: -90mmHg---- +110mmHg *Calculation: intrapleural pressure = pressure of air in alveoli-contracting force Sources of contracting force: elastic force surface tension Importances of Negative Intrapleural Pressure To hold the lungs and thorax together To promote the pulmonary and lymphatic circulation.