电磁场和电磁波——电场.pptVIP

Chapter 2　Electrostatic field constant current2.1 electrical field intensity constant field ;The electrical field intensity of point charge Assume:q is the point charge setting on point S(x’,y’, z’), and introduce test charge qt at point P(x,y, z), shown in Fig 2-2 . According to Coulombs Law, if the force on qt is , the electric Field Intensity at the point is ; The observation point P is called field point . Its position is represented by (x, y, z) or r. The point charge setting place S is called source point. Its position is represented by (x′,y′, z′) or r′. The distance vector between source point and field point can be represented by R=r-r′. In RCS，R=ax(x-x′)+ay(y-y′)+az(z-z′)，and its value can be calculated by;When there are n point charges, the electric Field Intensity of field point equals to vector sum of the electric Field Intensity of each point charge ，i.e., ; Assuming that charges converge at a certain point, seen from a macroscopic perspective, charges are distributed continuously on a line, a surface or in a volume. linear charge density（Charge Line Density）: when charges are distributed on a fineline （the ratio of lateral dimension to length is very small）, charges on the unit length is defined to be Charge Line Density:; density of surface charge（Charge Areal Density）: when charges are distributed on a surface , charges on the unit surface is defined to be Charge Line Density: ; Density of volume charge（Charge Volume Density）:when charges are distributed in a volume, charges on the unit surface is defined to be Charge Line Density: ;2.3 The field generated by volume charge; The electric Field Intensity of distributed charges : Asume that charges are distributed in volumeV with a densityρV(r′). take a volume microelement dV′ in V, shown in the above figure. the charges in the volume microelement is dq=ρV(r)dV′, and is regarded as point electric charge. Then the electrical field intensity at f