哈工大_结构力学(王焕定第二版)影响线一章答案概要.docx

5-1 用静力法作图示梁的支杆反力FN1、FN2、FN3及内力MK 、FQK 、FNK 的影响线。解：取隔离体如图(a)所示∑MA =0FN3 = 52l (x?32l)∑Fx =0FN1 =FN2∑Fy = 0FN1 = 52 (4?xl )x3l 时取隔离体如图(e)所示MK = FN3lFQK =?FN3FNK =0x 3l 时取隔离体如图(f)所示MK = FN3l ?1×(x?3l) =?x+l82FQK =1?FN3 = ? x55lFNK =0由求出的影响系数方程可作出影响线如图所示。5-2 用静力法作图示梁的FBy 、M A 、MK 和FQK 的影响线。解：取隔离体如图(a)所示∑Fy =0FBy =1∑MB =0MA =xx l/2时, 取隔离体如图(f)所示MK =l/2FQK =?1x l/2时, 取隔离体如图(e)所示MK =l ?xFQK =0由影响系数方程可作出影响线如图所示。5-3 用静力法作图示斜梁的FAy、FAx、FBy 、MC 、FQC 和FNC 的影响线。（1）解：∑MA =0FBy = x/l∑Fy =0FAy =1?x/l∑Fx =0FAx =0xa，取右侧∑Mc =0 MC = bx/l∑Fr =0 FQC =?xl cosα∑Fβ=0 FNC = xl sinαxa，取左侧∑Mc =0 MC = a(1?x/l)∑Fr =0 FQC = (1?xl )cosαx ∑Fβ=0 FNC =?(1?l )sinα由影响系数方程可作出影响线如图所示。5-3（2）解：∑MA =0FBy = xl tanαx∑Fy = 0FAy =? l tanα∑Fx =0 FAx =?1xa，取右侧∑Mc =0 MC = bl xtanα∑Fr =0 FQC =?xl sinα∑Fβ= 0 FNC = xl sinα?tanαxa，取左侧∑Mc =0 MC = tanα?a(1?x/l)∑Fr =0 FQC = sinα?xl sinα∑Fβ= 0 FNC = cosα+ xl tanα?sinα由影响系数方程可作出影响线如图所示。5-4 用静力法作图示刚架FQ1、M2（以左侧受拉为正）、FN2、M3、和FQ3的影响线。FP =1在BC上移动。解：取1 点左侧作隔离体，如图(g) 所示，x l ∑Fy = 0 FQ1 = 0x l ∑Fy = 0 FQ1 =?1取2 点上侧做隔离体，如图(h)所示∑M2 = 0 M2 = x?2l∑Fy =0FN2 =?1取3 点上侧做隔离体，如图(i)所示∑M3 = 0 M3 = x?3l∑Fy =0FQ3 =?1由影响系数方程可作出影响线如图所示。5-5 用静力法作图示刚架FAx、FAy、FQRE 和FQLE 的影响线。FP =1在DF上移动。解：x l时∑MC =0FBy =FBx∑MA =02lFBy = 2l FBx +1?x联立求解，得FBy = FBx = 2x/3lFAx = FBx = 2x/3lFQRE = 0,FQLE =?2x/3lx l∑MC =02FAy =FAx∑MB =0 FAx 2l +2lFAy =1×(2l ?x)联立求解，得FAx 1 FAy = (2l ?x)3l1xFBy =1?FAy = +33ll x 2l FQLE =?FBy =?(1+ x )3 3lFQRE = 0x 2lFQLE =1?FBy =1?(1 + x ),FQRE =13 3l由影响系数方程可作出影响线如图所示。5-6 用静力法作图示刚架MJ 、FNJ 、MK 和FQK 的影响线。FP =1在CE上移动。解：首先做出FBy 的影响线x4mFBy = 0xx4mFBy = ?22作MK 、FQK 的影响线x２mMK = 0,FQK = 04mx２mMK = 2?x,FQK =1x4m取隔离体如图（f）所示MK =?(FBy ?1)×2 = 6?x,FQK =1?FBy =3?x/2作MJ 、FNJ 影响线取隔离体如图（g）、(h)所示x4mMJ = x,FNJ =?1x 4mMJ = (1?FBy)×4 =12?x,FQK = FBy ?1= x/2?3由影响系数方程可作出影响线如图所示。5-7 作三铰拱D 截面MD、FQD、FND 影响线。4 f拱轴方程y = l 2 x(l ?x)解：：1）做MD影响线MD =MD0 ?FHy DFH = MC0 / f做出MD0 、MC0 和FH 影响线如图(b)、(c)、(d)所示。yD =×3×(9?3) = 2通过叠加可得MD影响线如图(e)所示。 2) 作FQD、FND 影响线FQD = FQ0D cos?D ?FH sin?DFND =?FQ0D sin?D ?FH cos?D做出FQ0D影响