国家种质库保存小麦种质寄藏真菌检测.docVIP

国家种质库保存小麦种质寄藏真菌检测 段灿星，王晓鸣，朱振东，武小菲 （中国农业科学院作物品种资源研究所，北京 100081） 摘要：【目的】了解国家种质库存小麦的主要寄藏真菌，评价不同地域来源的小麦种质健康状况。【方法】运用吸水纸法、平皿测定法和洗涤法检测了共1 465份库存小麦种质。【结果】在来自陕西、河北和青海的712份小麦种质中，通过吸水纸法共检测到17属近40种真菌，其中陕西小麦种质上的优势菌群主要是交链孢（Alternaria）、根霉属（Rhizopus）、青霉属（Penicillium）、曲霉属（Aspergillus）、离蠕孢属（Bipolaris）、芽枝霉属（Cladosporium）、膝葡孢属（Gonatobotrys）和毛壳霉属（Chaetomium）等，河北区小麦的优势菌群为交链孢、根霉属、青霉属、曲霉属、离蠕孢属、芽枝霉属和镰刀菌等，青海区小麦种子携带的真菌主要是交链孢、根霉属、离蠕孢属、芽枝霉属和聚端孢属（Trichothecium）等；在供试材料中检测到对种子存活力具有严重破坏作用的病原菌有串珠镰刀菌（Fusarium moniliforme）、节状离蠕孢（Bipolaris nodulosa）、草本芽枝霉（Cladosporium herbarum）等。通过平皿测定法在353份陕西小麦材料中检测到16属25种真菌，较为常见的几类真菌是交链孢属、曲霉属、离蠕孢属、膝葡孢属（Gonatobotrys）、青霉属、镰刀菌等。运用洗涤法在400份小麦种质中检出6份带有小麦条黑粉菌（Ustilago tritici）的材料，在陕西小麦材料中占1.3 %，河北材料中占2.0%。【结论】在小麦种质中共检测到19个属真菌，大部分为腐生菌，少数属弱寄生菌,对种子存活力具有不同程度的影响。 关键词：小麦种质；种传真菌；健康检测 Testing Seed Borne Fungi in Wheat Germplasm Conserved in China National Gene Bank DUAN Can-xing, WANG Xiao-ming, ZHU Zhen-dong, WU Xiao-fei ( Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081 ) Abstract：【Objective】The study was conducted to gain a to evaluate of the healthy status of wheat germplasm collected from different regions. 【Method】using a blotter method, a petri-dish test and a washing test. 【Result】using a blotter method and 17 genera of fungi, including nearly 40 species, were found. Alternaria was the grain-infecting fungi detected most frequently in wheat varieties from Shaanxi Province, followed by Rhizopus, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, Gonatobotrys , and Chaetomium, etc. Seedborne fungi from Hebei Province with relatively high incidence included Alternaria, Rhizopus, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, and Fusarium. Some seedborne fungi, such as Alternaria, Rhizopus, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, and Trichothecium, were detected in wheat accessions from Qinghai Province. Such fungi as Fusarium moniliforme, Bipolaris nodulosa, and Cladosporium herbarum, which could substantially reduce viability of seeds, were