中国清长城沿线堡寨研究——以偏关县为例子.doc

摘要 我国历史文化悠久，文化底蕴深厚，祖辈们为我们留下了丰富的物质、精神和文化遗产。作为我国标志性的建筑——长城，是世界七大建筑奇迹之一，属于世界级文化遗产，备受世人关注。偏关长城建筑群中保存较为完好的古堡、关隘、墩台等，数量多、规模大，均位于山西省境内，全长135公里，是山西省41个县中保存最为完整，跨度最长，最为险要的地段之一，位居中国之首。[4] 本文通过对偏关长城的考察，介绍了偏关长城的现状概况。由于长期的疏于保护，自然界的风蚀雨侵，人为的破坏，特别是长城的村落居民，将边墙、城堡的城砖拆除，碹窑洞,圈院墙、修畜圈。[4]最后，通过偏关长城研究，对偏关长城的关注与保护，提出相应的保护措施，呼吁社会各界参加到保护长城的队伍中来。 关键词:长城 堡寨 偏关县 保护与发展 ABSTRACT: Our country has a long history and profound cultural connotation, grandparents left us a rich material, spiritual and cultural heritage. As our country sign construction,the Great Wall, is one of the worlds seven largest architectural marvel belongs to the world cultural heritage, have much attention. Pian Guan Great Wall save more intact castles, and pass, pier, quantity, scale, all located at Shanxi Province domestic, 135 kilometers, is a county of Shanxi Province, and the most complete preservation, the longest span, one of the most dangerous areas in the Chinese. In this paper, based on the investigation of the Pian Guan Great Wall , and introduced the present situation of the Pian Guan Great Wall.Due to a long period of the neglect of protection of natural wind erosion rain assault, man-made destruction,especially the Great Wall village residents, sidewall of the castle, will ChengZhuan demolished, caves, circle,and repair the pen..[4]Finally, through the Pian Guan Great Wall research, the attention and protection of the Pian Guan Great Wall and, and puts forward corresponding protective measures, calls for the social from all walks of life to participate in the protection of the Great Wall. KEY WORDS:The Great Wall, Fortress , Pian Guan, Protection and developing . 一：明长城和沿线堡寨关系： 长城防御体系工程由关隘城堡、城墙和烽火台三部分组成。长城城堡是指与长城关联的军事防御性城堡。据记载，明清时期，在修长城的整个过程中，把建关隘城堡居于首要地位，明代长城的关隘城堡由镇城（总兵官驻地）、卫城（军事编制卫一级的指挥驻地）、路城（各镇下辖路的指挥驻地）、关城、堡城等构成。等级不同功能不同形式不同的建筑，其中堡城和关堡城是最具代表性的建筑物。明清的堡城有的是承袭前朝，也有的是新建的，它是长城防守的重点，也是长城沿线的重要驻兵据点，位置大多选择在出入长城的咽喉要道上。明万里长城上曾有很多著名的关口，比如现山西境内的偏关，现甘肃省境内的嘉峪关等, 明清的大关城往往