土肥题 及答案（And questions and answers）.doc

土肥题 及答案（And questions and answers） Soil science section: First, the noun explanation 1. the soil, the earth, the land surface, can grow loose surfaces of plants. 2. soil fertility: the ability of the soil to provide and coordinate the water, fertilizer, gas, heat, and other living conditions necessary for plant growth. 3. soil profile: a soil profile is a vertical section exposed from the ground down. 4. potential fertility: affected by other factors, no economic effect of fertility. Effective fertility: the fertility that functions and produces economic effects during the season 5. mineral minerals are natural elements or compounds that exist in the earths crust and have certain chemical composition, internal structure and physical properties. According to the geological process of forming minerals, minerals are mainly divided into three genetic types: primary minerals, secondary minerals and metamorphic minerals. 6. isomorphous replacement: isomorphous replacement refers to the mineral composition of the ion ion center is the same, similar to the size of electrical substitution and the lattice structure remains the same phenomenon. 7. soil humus: refers to the organic biological residue by soil microbial decomposition and re synthesis of a special kind of polymer organic compounds. Accounting for more than 70% of the total soil organic matter, 8. mineralization: the process in which organic matter breaks down into simple inorganic compounds and releases mineral nutrients and energy under the action of microorganisms 9., soil texture: mechanical composition: each particle size, soil particle content percentage combinations. Soil texture: the type of soil that is divided according to mechanical composition 10. soil bulk density: dry weight per unit volume of soil (pore in volume) 11. humification coefficient: humification coefficient = amount to be converted into humus / input organic residue after one year. Decimal: generally 0.2 - 0.4 12. soil three-phase ratio: s