微机总线（Microcomputer bus）.docVIP

微机总线（Microcomputer bus） Microcomputer bus Chongqing University, Chen Yuhua 1992-06-12 Data bus The data bus is the channel between the CPU and the memory, which transmits instructions and data between the peripherals, and its width reflects the CPU_ secondary processing and the binary digits of the data to be transmitted. Accordingly, the microcomputer can be divided into 4, 6, 8, 16, 32 and other categories. Typically, there are 8 bit, 16 bit microprocessors, and single chip microcomputer. Among them, 8088 microprocessor and 8089 single chip microcomputer, because of its external data bus width of 8 bits, and the internal is still 16 bit structure, commonly known as quasi 16 bit machine. The data bus is generally referred to as D0_Dn (8 bit machine, n=7, 16 bit machine, n=15). Two, address bus The address bus is used to store the I/O port number so that CPU reads and writes to it at the address. In general, the address of the memory uses all address lines, so the root of the address line reflects the addressing power of the microprocessor. The storage space addressable by the N root address line can reach 2n units. The 8 bit machine has 16 address lines, so the maximum address range is 64K bytes (216). 8088/8086 has 20 address lines, and there is 1M (220) address space. The address bus is usually referred to as A0_An (eight bit machine, n=15, 8088/8086, sixteen bit machine, n=19). There are two ways of addressing I/O interfaces. One is using partial address line addressing, and the CPU uses special input / output instructions and read-write control signals to access the interface. Such as Z80, 8085 I/O addressing, using the address bus of low 8 bit A0 ~ A7, you can directly select 256 I/O ports. 8088/8086 uses 16 address lines to address the I/O port, allowing the selection of 64K ports. The second approach is to take the I/O port as the storage unit, and address it with memory. The instructions for memory operations are fully applicable to the I/O port operation.