6河外星系-2.pptVIP

* two equal disk galaxies fall towards each other under their mutual gravitational attraction. The time (in billions of years since the beginning of the simulation) is indicated by the number in each picture. When the galaxies reach closest approach for the first time, tidal forces quickly transform the disks into a pair of open bisymmetric spirals. Simultaneously, stars and gas on the outside of the encounter are ejected into arcing trajectories which later form the tidal tails. Material from the near side is drawn towards the companion, giving rise to bridges between the separating galaxies. These bridges are destroyed when the galaxies come back together for a second encounter, but the tails survive and grow for a longer time in the quiet outer regions. The disks are destroyed as the centres of the galaxies coalesce to form a spheroidal merger remnant - an elliptical galaxy?  * The giant elliptical galaxy M87 (also called Virgo A) is displayed here at several different wavelengths. (a) A long optical exposure of its halo and embedded central region. (b) A short optical exposure of its core and an intriguing jet of matter, on the same scale as (a). (c) A radio image of its jet, on a somewhat expanded scale compared with (b). The red dot at left marks the bright nucleus of the galaxy; the red and yellow blob near the center of the image corresponds to the bright knot visible in the jet in (b). (d) A near-infrared image of the jet, at roughly the same scale as (c). * * 相距约300 kpc * * * * /apod/ap021121.html 星暴：星系核区kpc尺度剧烈的恒星形成活动（SFR~102-103 M ⊙ /yr) 活动星系核：能源来自星系中心超大质量黑洞 （106~109 M ⊙ ）吸积物质引力能的释放，而非恒星活动。 What could cause the center of M94 to be so bright? Spiral galaxy M94 has a ring of newly formed stars surrounding its nucleus, giving it not only an unusual appearance but also a strong interior glow. A leading progenitor hypothesis holds that an elongated knot of stars known as a bar rotates in M94 and has generated a burst of star formation in the form of an out