人造卫星的分类（Classification of satellites）.doc

人造卫星的分类（Classification of satellites） Classification of satellites From April 24, 1970 to October 31, 2000, China launched 74 spacecraft, which covered the earths 4 tracks. Among them, there are 1 domestic experimental spacecraft, 47 homemade satellites, 26 foreign made satellites. With 47 domestic satellites, we briefly introduce their orbit. Anterograde orbit The direct orbit is characterized by the inclination of the orbit, i.e., the angle between the orbital plane and the equatorial plane of the earth is less than 90 degrees. Most of the satellites on this orbit are relatively close to the ground and only a few hundred kilometers high, so they are called near earth orbits. China is located in the northern hemisphere, to send satellites into this orbit, the launch vehicle will be launched in the southeast, so that we can use the earths rotation from west to east part of the speed, which can save the energy of the rocket. The speed of the earths rotation can be calculated by the equatorial rotation speed, the azimuth of the emission and the latitude of the emission point. It is not difficult to imagine, to launch a satellite at the equator toward the east direction, the maximum speed, the higher the latitude with smaller speed. Chinas Long March, a storm two rocket launch of the 8 science and technology experiment satellite, with Long March two, No. two, No. two D 3 C carrier rocket launched 17 recoverable remote sensing satellites and launch Long March two F rocket Shenzhou spacecraft, is with direct orbit. They were taken off from the Jiuquan launching center and sent into near earth orbit. The 1 Beidou navigation test satellites launched by the long march three launch vehicle also use the anterograde orbit. Retrograde orbit Retrograde orbits are characterized by orbital inclination greater than 90 degrees. To put the satellite into orbit, the carrier rocket needs to be fired in the southwest. Not only is it unable to make use of part of the speed of the earths