分析化学手册（Handbook of Analytical Chemistry）.docVIP

分析化学手册（Handbook of Analytical Chemistry） Standard solution concentration calculation A. direct preparation Said a certain amount of reference material B (mB, g) is directly dissolved in a certain amount (V, L) of the solvent preparation. CB=nB/V=mB/MBV B calibration method: Calculated based on the ratio of titrant to tested material. BBtT=aA CB=b/t, cT, VT/VB=bmT/tMT, VB 1 accuracy and precision Accuracy: the degree to which a measured result is close to truth, measured by error. error Absolute error: the difference between a measured value and a true value, expressed in E E = x - xT Relative error: the percentage of absolute error in truth, expressed in Er Er =E/xT = x - xT /xT * 100% Deviation: the difference between a measured value and an average value, expressed in D D = x - Sigma Di = 0 Average deviation: the average of the absolute values of individual deviations Relative average deviation: the ratio of the mean deviation to the measured mean systematic error A. addition and subtraction R=mA+nB-pC? ER=mEA+nEB-pEC? B. multiplication R=mA x nB/pC? ER/R=EA/A+EB/B-EC/C C. index operation R=mAn? ER/R=nEA/A? D. logarithmic operation R=mlgA? ER=0.434mEA/A? Extremum error Maximum possible error R=A+B-C? ER=|EA|+|EB|+|EC|? R = AB/C? ER/R=|EA/A|+|EB/B|+|EC/C| Effective number and operation rule 1 significant figures: figures that can be measured in actual work, including all reliable figures and an indeterminate number 1 significant figures: figures that can be measured in actual work, including all reliable figures and an indeterminate number M -- analytical balance (referred to 0.1mg): 12.8228g (6), 0.2348g (4), 0.0600g (3) After the 1/1000 balance (referred to 0.001g): 0.235g (3) After the 1% balance (referred to 0.01g): 4.03g (3), 0.23g (2) This platform (referred to 0.1g): 4.0g (2), 0.2g (1) V (to 0.01mL) burets: 26.32mL (4), 3.97mL (3) I bottle: 100.0mL (4), 250.0mL (4) To the pipette (4): 25.00mL; I graduated (amount to 1mL or 0.1mL): 25mL (2), 4.0mL (2) SQL Fun