抽屉原理 练习题（The principle of drawer exercises）.doc

抽屉原理 练习题（The principle of drawer exercises） : (1) 3 apples in the 2 drawer, so there are 1 drawers at least 2 apples. (2) 5 handkerchiefs among 4 children, so there are 1 children with at least 2 handkerchiefs. (3) 6 dove flew 5 pigeon cage, there must be at least 1 pigeon flew into 2 dove. Drawer principle 1: put more than n objects in the N drawer, there are at least 2 or more than 2 objects in a drawer. Look at the following two examples: (4) the 30 apple in the 6 drawer, ask: is there a method, the number of apples in each drawer are equal to or less than 5? (5) to more than 30 apples in the 6 drawer, ask: is there a method, the number of apples in each drawer are equal to or less than 5? Answer: (4) there is such a method. That is: each drawer put 5 apples; (5) there is no such method. That is: no matter how put, will find a drawer, it has at least 6 apples. From the above two cases, we can obtain the following rules: 2: the drawer principle more than m * n objects into n drawer, at least a M1 or more than a Ml objects in a drawer. It can be seen that the principle of 1 and 2 Principle is the difference: principle 1 objects, less number of drawers, close: principle 2 as object, the drawer less, but the number is large, the number of objects than several times the number of still several drawer. The above two principle, is an important basis for us to solve the problem of the drawer. The drawer problem boils down to one sentence: how many apples, how many apples and the relationship between the drawer and drawer. The key solution for this problem is to identify the drawer, only drawer right, apple is good. We start with a simple question: (1) 3 dove 2 flew into the nest, there is at least a few dove 1 in the nest? (answer: 2) (2) the 3 books into 2 shelves, then there are 1 shelves for at least a few books? (answer: 2) (3) the 3 letter in the mailbox is 2, there are 1 boxes into more than a few letters? (answer: 1) (4) 1000 dove 50 flew into the nest, no matter