滑坡防治方案的选择及优化.docVIP

滑坡防治方案的选择与优化 王恭先1 （中铁西北科学研究院有限公司） 摘要 滑坡灾害危害严重，治理费用昂贵，治理方案的正确与否不仅决定着滑坡防治的成败，而且影响治理费用的高低。因此优化防治方案一直是人们追求的目标。但是由于滑坡的类型、性质、规模的复杂性和多样性，至今还未总结出最优化的方案。作者同中铁西北科学研究院的同事40余年预防和治理了数以百计的滑坡和高边坡变形，均取得成功，主要得益于对滑坡性质的深入了解和治理方案的精心比选。在此提出确定防治方案应考虑的四个因素和不同类型滑坡的治理方案（包括用桥梁和隧道饶避滑坡的方案及线路通过滑坡的6种方案），以及预防高边坡和路堤填方引起的“工程滑坡”的处理方案供参考。 关键词 滑坡　防治方案　选择和优化 分类号 P642.22 标识码 A Choice and optimization of Landslide control plan Wang Gongxian (Northwest Research Institute Co., Ltd. of China Railway Engineering Corporation, Lanzhou 730000) Abstract: landslide is a serious disasters and the cost for controlling landslide is very expensive. The landslide control plan is right or not will decide whether landslide prevention is successful or not, and it will directly influence cost of landslide control. Therefore, optimization prevention plan is a purpose to pursue by engineers, but up to now the best optimization prevention plan has not obtained yet owing to variation and complex of type, property and volume of landslide. The author of the paper with his colleagues in Northwest Research Institute Co., Ltd. of China Railway Engineering Corporation have already controlled several hundreds landslides and high slopes during 40 years and all landslides are controlled successfully. All there success is due to deeply understanding for property of landslide and comparatively choice of control plan. In this paper the author puts forward four considered factors when determining landslide control plan and treatment plans for different types of landslide (including a plan of constructing bridge and tunnel to avoid landslide and six plans of line going though landslide) as well as a plan for preventing “engineering landslide” caused by high slope and filled embankment for reference. 一、滑坡防治方案优化的意义 在铁路、公路、水利、矿山和城镇建设中滑坡危害之严重，治理费用之昂贵是众所周知的。一个中小型滑坡治理费用数百万元至千余万元，大型和特大型滑坡治理常需数千万元，甚至上亿元。表1是几个滑坡的治理实例，从中可以看出治理滑坡的巨大投资。 正确合理的防治方案不仅能防止古老滑坡复活，快速稳定滑坡，而且可以节约治理费用。相反，不合理的防治方案不是造成浪费，就是多次治理而不能稳定，增大投资，甚至造成灾害。如重庆市渝黔高速公路向家坡滑坡，两次勘察，两次