月球探测的争先期.ppt

大綱 對月球的主要科學認識 月球探測活動的分期 月球上的氦三 3He及人類能源之未來 能源的選擇 化石燃料 – 温室效應，存量日趨短缺。 風力，太陽能，生物燃料 – 昂貴，數量不足，只可供輔助用途。 核裂變 – 有安全、核擴散、原料供應與廢料處理等問題。 核聚變 – 科技尚有難題，但相對安全而高效能。 Nuclear binding energy – origin of nuclear energy Neutron shielding in a fusion reactor D-T is the most easy reaction to achieve breakeven, but most of the energy embedded in the 13-Mev neutron, which requires a thick (i.e. expensive) reactor first-wall to absorb its energy. DHe3 He3He3 reactions do not generate neutron at all, so their energy can be directly converted to electricity at high efficiency. International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) An international tokamak (magnetic confinement fusion) research/engineering project that will help to make the transition from todays studies of plasma physics to future electricity-producing fusion power plants. The program is anticipated to last for 30 years — 10 for construction, and 20 of operation — and cost approximately €5 billion (US$7.6 billion). It will be based in Cadarache, France. It is technically ready to start construction and the first plasma operation is expected in 2016. On September 24, 2007, the Peoples Republic of China became the seventh party who had deposited the ITER Agreement to the IAEA. Distribution of Helium-3 on the lunar surface depends on Solar wind fluence Soil chemistry, in particular the titanium content, because ilmenite (FeTiO3) retain helium-3 much better than other major lunar minerals Lunar surface optical maturity Most recent theoretical estimate of lunar He-3 reserve Using the Apollo lunar samples and Clementine UV/VIS multispectral data, three factors: solar wind flux, regolith maturity, and TiO2 content, are combined for estimation of global 3He surface distribution. The lunar inventory of He-3 is estimated as about 6.50 × 108 kg, with 3.72 × 108 kg on the lunar nearside and 2.78×108 kg on the lunar farside. 我国绕月探测工程首席科学家欧阳自远 Ouyang Ziyuan Chang’E Project 嫦娥工程 3He Cosmochemist and geochemist Ouyang Zi