浅议批评语言学学习及应用.docVIP

浅议批评语言学学习及应用摘要：人们往往通过语言来实现交际，书面的，口头的，各种语言形式、语言现象层出不穷，各类语言学派也应运而生。批评话语分析理论的影响已具备一定的知名度，本文在此对这一理论知识进行学习与探讨。 关键词：语篇、语码、情景、互动模式、非互动模式等 一、批评语言分析理论要求的科学态度 批评语言学是20世纪80年代初在英国兴起的有关语篇分析方法的学科。批评语言分析受Halliday的语言学理论的影响，旨在透过表面的语言形式，揭露意识形态对话语的影响，话语对意识形态的反作用，以及二者是如何源于社会结构和诠释关系又是如何为之服务的。“批评”以一种客观科学的心态去分析语言形式，对话语的产生又为何要产生做出一定的研究。 二、批评语言学研究的内容 批评语言学主要涉及语篇、情景、语域、互动模式与非互动模式，当然也包括词汇语法以及语义方面。 三、批评语言学的实践应用 请看下面的一则童话： Once upon a time, there was a wolf wondering in a forest. He felt so lonely because his family all killed by hunters. He often missed the past golden days staying with his family. One day,he dreamed a magic mat.. The mat began to fly out of the forest. He laughed and began to sing. Then he landed and the mat was changed into a big house. He opened the door without a great deal of thought, and appeared in front of him were his family.”Welcome home “,said his mother in a joyful tone. The wolf thought to himself:”I am the happiest child in the world.” When the sun shined on him, he awoke. At last, he left the forest to find a new home. 从整体来看，这是个童话，与我们的现实世界有距离，因为狼在现实世界大多数心理活动是无法用语言来告知的，这篇童话的言语表征比较明显，主要叙事时态是过去时，表示频度的副词用了“often”。第一句”Once upon a time, there was a wolf wondering in a forest.”中的“Once upon a time”创造了时间距离，将读者带入了一个过去的时空，类似的用法还有后面的“One day”。后半句“there was a wolf wondering in a forest”是个陈述句，从及物性角度来看，是个存在过程，参与者角色是“a wolf”，是个不定名词词组，“in a forest”体现了空间距离。我们可以看出，从第二句话开始，就出现了一个代词“he”，采用的是第三人称的叙事角度，其用意是保持读者与故事主角距离。“He felt so lonely because his family all killed by hunters. He often missed the past golden days staying with his family.”这两句划线部分是典型的思维过程，有强烈的拟人色彩。 请看这句“The mat began to fly out of the forest.”是非互动模式的成功使用，读者仿佛被带到了一个梦幻世界，跟着小狼坐在飞毯上越飞越远。其实在童话故事中，这种效果还可以用“被动转换”来体现，如“the mat was changed into a big house.”就是一个典型。另外，作格动词也可以构建非互动模式，作格动词指那些行为影响主语而不是宾语的动词。给个实例看文章的下段第一句话“When the sun shined on him, he awoke.” “he awoke”就是个作格动词应用的好例子。言语表征主要研究直接引语与间接引语，目的是赋予童话故事更深刻的拟人性，生动性。这句“He opened the door without a great deal of thought,”和“Welcome home “,said h