.Chapter 5-20110321.pptVIP

To dilute the concentrated acid, pour a thin stream of the acid into the water with constant stirring. In this way, the heat generated is dissipated through the body of water. 要稀释浓硫酸，将酸以细流注入水中并不断搅拌。通过这种方法，产生的热量分散到整个水体中。 Dissipate: [‘disipeit] vt. vi. 驱散; 消失 * Sulfuric acid is the leading industrial chemical in terms of amount produced. Table 2-8-1 lists the top 15 industrial chemicals by billions of pounds produced annually in the United States. 硫酸的产量在工业化学品中是居于领先地位的。表2-8-1中列出在美国每年生产的以十亿磅计的产量最大的15种工业化学品。 * Sulfuric acid has many uses, most involve its acid properties. The fertilizer industry uses enormous quantities of sulfuric acid to produce a soluble calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Ca(H2PO4)2, from insoluble phosphate rock, which is essentially Ca3(PO4)2. 硫酸有很多种应用，大多数涉及它的酸性。肥料工业上利用大量的硫酸与难溶的磷酸盐矿物的主要组分磷酸钙进行反应生产可溶性的磷酸二氢钙。 * The present industrial method for the preparation of sulfuric acid is called the contact process. The first step consists of burning of sulfur or sulfides to sulfur dioxide. 目前生产硫酸的工业方法称为接触法。第一步是灼烧硫或硫化物得到二氧化硫。 * Sulfur dioxide has a characteristic suffocating odor. The gas will combine with more oxygen to give sulfur trioxide, SO3, but the reaction is ordinarily slow. 二氧化硫具有特征的窒息性气味。这种气体可以结合更多的氧形成三氧化硫，但是这个反应通常很慢。 Suffocate: [‘s?f?keit] vt. vi. (使)窒息,闷死 * In the contact process, a mixture of sulfur dioxide and oxygen is passed over platinum metal or vanadium(V) oxide catalyst(a surface or “contact” catalyst). 在接触法中，二氧化硫与氧气的混合物流经金属铂或钒氧化物催化剂（一种表面或“接触”催化剂）。 * Sulfur trioxide dissolves in water to form sulfuric acid. 三氧化硫溶解于水中形成硫酸。 * The direct dissolution of sulfur trioxide in water tends to form sulfuric acid mists, so in practice the oxide is dissolve in concentrated sulfuric acid. 三氧化硫直接溶解在水中倾向于形成硫酸酸雾，所以实践中这种氧化物是溶解在浓硫酸中。 * The resulting solution, called fuming sulfuric acid, is then diluted with water to form concentrated sulfuric acid. 获得的溶液称为发烟硫酸，随后用水稀释形成浓硫酸。 Fume: [fju:m] n. 烟雾, 气味；vi.冒烟 * Note that each reaction in the contact process is exoth