如何正确的安慰人_来自心理学的证据.pdf

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Copyright 2007 by the American Psychological Association 2007, Vol. 92, No. 3, 458–475 0022-3514/07/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0022-3558 Effects of Social Support Visibility on Adjustment to Stress: Experimental Evidence Niall Bolger David Amarel Columbia University New York University Previous fieldwork has suggested that visible social support can entail an emotional cost and that a supportive act is most effective when it is accomplished either (a) outside of recipients’ awareness or (b) within their awareness but with sufficient subtlety that they do not interpret it as support. To investigate the latter phenomenon, the authors conducted 3 experiments in which female participants were led to expect a stressful speech task and a confederate peer provided support in such a way that it was either visible or invisible (N 257). Invisible support (practical and emotional) reduced emotional reactivity relative to visible and no support. Visible support was either ineffective or it exacerbated reactivity. Explanatory analyses indicated that support was effective when it avoided communicating a sense of inefficacy to recipients. Keywords: relationships, social support, mental he