从底线型利益到增长型.PDF

从“底线型”利益到“增长型”利益* ———农民工利益诉求的转变与劳资关系秩序 ■ 蔡 禾 ［内容提要］广东南海本田工人的罢工标志着农民工的利益诉求正从“底线型”利益向“增 长型”利益转变。“底线型”利益受法规保护并有清晰的利益标准，“增长型”利益没有正式 的法规保护和清晰的利益标准。“底线型”利益纠纷，个体可以通过仲裁和诉讼来解决，而 “增长型”利益纠纷没有仲裁和诉讼的通道，只能依靠集体力量得到解决。虽然集体谈判 日益成为解决“增长型”利益纠纷的机制，但是“谈判”只是实现“增长型”利益诉求的必要 条件，并不当然地是充分条件，除非有“集体行动”的介入。建立社会主义市场经济下的劳 资关系秩序，必须理清罢工的法律地位问题、罢工的权利边界问题、工会的组织效能问 题。面对“底线型”利益纠纷，政府扮演的是监督者和执法者的角色，面对“增长型”利益纠 纷，政府扮演的是协调者的角色。 ［关键词］“底线型”利益、“增长型”利益、劳资关系秩序、罢工权、组织效能 ： Abstract The strike staged by the workers in the Honda manufactory in Guangdong represents ’ “ ” “ ” a shift of the labour s appeal from safeguarding bottom-line benefit to seeking incremental “ ” benefit. Unlike bottom-line benefit which is under the protection of laws and regulations with ，“ ” “ well-defined criteria incremental benefit has no such protection. Individuals seeking bot－ ” ， tom-line benefit may find solution through arbitration or litigation but they have no legal chan－ “ ” nels for claiming incremental benefit and have to resort to collective action. Although collec－ tive negotiation has become an increasingly important mechanism for solving the conflicts in－ “ ” ， volving incremental benefit negotiation itself is not sufficient without the threatening of in－ ， dustrial action. In order to establish order in industrial relations it is necessary to clarify the le－ gal status of and the rights for strike as well as the function of the union. In the conflicts regard－ “ ” ， ， ing bottom-line benefit the government plays the role of a supervisor and a law-enforcer “ ” ， but whe