电工基本知识-导体、绝缘体和半导体（Basic knowledge of Electrical Engineering - conductors, insulators, and semiconductors）.doc

电工基本知识-导体、绝缘体和半导体（Basic knowledge of Electrical Engineering - conductors, insulators, and semiconductors） Basic knowledge of electrical conductor, semiconductor and insulator Conductor, semiconductor and insulator As we all know, metal, graphite and electrolyte has good conductivity, which has good conductive properties of materials Known as the conductor. If the wire is made of copper or aluminum, because they have very strong conductivity and good ductility. The conductive metal The performance of order from strong to weak: silver, gold, copper, aluminum, zinc, platinum, tin, iron, lead and mercury. In the first silver, but because The output is less, the price is expensive, used only in certain electrical components in a small amount. Graphite has good conductivity, low hardness, no burning in air, is a good material for manufacturing electrode and carbon brush. Metal and graphite, so it has good conductivity, because they exist in a large number of free electrons,. Acid, alkali and Molten salts can also be conductive. These dissolved in water or in the melting state of conductive material called electrolyte. Water and electrolyte The molecular interactions in the solution can separated into positive and negative ions, these positive and negative ion free, conductive Solution. If the packet in the wire outside the rubber and plastics are not conductive materials as insulator. The commonly used insulator material Ceramics, mica, bakelite, silicone, insulation paper and insulation oil, insulating material, air is also good. An atomic structure and metal material, the electrons in atoms outermost bound nuclear strong role Not easy to leave the atom free, so the poor effect of conductive insulator. The difference between conductor and insulator depends on the existence of a large number of free electrons inside the object boundaries, conductor and insulator This is not absolute, in certain conditions can be transformed into each other. For example, the glass is an in