MIPS入门分析.ppt

Review Memory transfer: lw, sw, lb, sb 判断语句可以使我们在运行时决定去执行哪部份代码，而无非编译时. C 使用条件分支 conditional statements语句来做决定， within if, while, do while, for. MIPS 中做决定的语句是 conditional branches: beq and bne. Unsigned add/sub don’t cause overflow New MIPS Instructions: beq, bne, j, sll, srl addu, addiu, subu, Loops Review Key Concept: 虽然现在在MIPS中有很多方法来实现循环, 但最重要的一点是：所有这些方法都使用条件分支 conditional branch do {g= g + A[i];i= i + j;} while (i != h); Loop: g = g + A[i]; i = i + j; if (i != h) goto Loop; Inequalities in MIPS (1/3) Until now, we’ve only tested equalities (== and != in C). General programs need to test and as well. Create a MIPS Inequality Instruction: “Set on Less Than” Syntax: slt reg1,reg2,reg3 Meaning: if (reg2 reg3)  reg1 = 1;  else reg1 = 0; In computereeze, “set” means “set to 1”, “reset” means “set to 0”. Inequalities in MIPS (2/3) How do we use this? Compile by hand:if (g h) goto Less; #g:$s0, h:$s1 Answer: compiled MIPS code… slt $t0,$s0,$s1 # $t0 = 1 if gh bne $t0,$0,Less # goto Less # if $t0!=0 # (if (gh)) Less: Branch if $t0 != 0 ? (g h) Register $0 always contains the value 0, so bne and beq often use it for comparison after an slt instruction. A slt ? bne pair means if(… …)goto… Inequalities in MIPS (3/3) Now, we can implement , but how do we implement , ≤ and ≥ ? We could add 3 more instructions, but: MIPS goal: Simpler is Better Can we implement ≤ in one or more instructions using just slt and the branches? What about ? What about ≥? Immediates in Inequalities There is also an immediate version of slt to test against constants: slti Helpful in for loops if (g = 1) goto Loop Loop: . . .slti $t0,$s0,1 # $t0 = 1 if # $s01 (g1)beq $t0,$0,Loop # goto Loop # if $t0==0 # (if (g=1)) What about unsigned numbers? Also unsigned inequality instructions: sltu, sltiu …which sets result to 1 or 0 depending on unsigned comparisons What is value of $t0, $t1? ($s