OfStudies分析.pptVIP

Of Studies --- Francis Bacon Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention…  Some books also may be read by deputy and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises.  宋代大儒朱熹对读书有诸多独到见解。在其门人编辑的《朱子语类》一书中，收录了许多朱氏教导学子的箴言。如关于读书的方法，朱氏说：看文字，须是如猛将用兵，直是鏖战一阵；如酷吏治狱，直是推勘到底，决是不恕他，方得。把读书比作猛将作战，强调的是读书要集中精力，不可浅尝辄止。又将读书比作酷吏审案，必得弄个水落石出