TranscriptionandTranslation分析.ppt

Transcription and Translation Chapter 14 p. 263-273 Protein Structure Made up of amino acids Polypeptide- string of amino acids 20 amino acids are arranged in different orders to make a variety of proteins Assembled on a ribosome Questions to be answered today How do we get from the bases found in DNA to amino acids? How do we get from a bunch of amino acids to proteins? Replication Transcription and Translation: An Overview (aka the Central Dogma) RNA vs. DNA DNA Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Bases: C,G A,T RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Bases: C,G,A,U Transcription RNA forms base pairs with DNA C-G A-U Primary transcript- length of RNA that results from the process of transcription TRANSCRIPTION Major players in transcription mRNA- type of RNA that encodes information for the synthesis of proteins and carries it to a ribosome from the nucleus Major players in transcription RNA polymerase- complex of enzymes with 2 functions: Unwind DNA sequence Produce primary transcript by stringing together the chain of RNA nucleotides mRNA Processing Primary transcript is not mature mRNA DNA sequence has coding regions (exons) and non-coding regions (introns) Introns must be removed before primary transcript is mRNA and can leave nucleus Transcription is done…what now? Now we have mature mRNA transcribed from the cell’s DNA. It is leaving the nucleus through a nuclear pore. Once in the cytoplasm, it finds a ribosome so that translation can begin. Translation Second stage of protein production mRNA is on a ribosome Ribosomes 2 subunits, separate in cytoplasm until they join to begin translation Large Small Contain 3 binding sites E P A Translation Second stage of protein production mRNA is on a ribosome tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome tRNA Transfer RNA Bound to one amino acid on one end Anticodon on the other end complements mRNA codon tRNA Function Amino acids must be in the correct order for the protein to function correctly tRNA lines up amino