Unit5Canada-Grammar(同位语从句)分析.ppt

区别同位语从句与定语从句 1. 从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。 He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon. 2.从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或 限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同 位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进 一步的说明和解释，属于名词性从句 的范畴。如: The news that our team has won the game is true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。 (同位语从句, 补充说明news到底是一个什 么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。 (定语从句, news在从句中作told的宾语) 3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别 有些引导词如how, whether, what 可以 引导同位语从句, 但不能引导定语从句。 如: That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。 (同位语从句) 引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语 (指物时还可以用which代替)，并且作宾语时常常省略，that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。如: The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的 命令昨天收到了。 (同位语从句, 是对order的具体解释 that虽不作成分, 但不能省略) The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个 人去帮助别的几个小组。 (定语从句, 是名词order的修饰语, that 在从句中作received的宾语, 可以省略) 使用同位语从句注意事项 使用同位语从句注意事项 使用同位语从句注意事项 Revision The news that we had successfully sent up another communication satellite spread throughout the world. 2. That’s the best piece of news I’ve heard. 3. I’ve no hope that my parents have been expecting to me. 判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，哪些含有 定语从句。 定语从句 定语从句 同位语从句 4. Is there any hope that he will be home at 7:30? 5. The possibility that you referred to doesn’t exist at all. 6. The fact that we talked about is very important. 7. There is a strong possibility that we may be in France for the next week. 定语从句 定语从句 同位语从句 同位语从句 同位语从句的简易判断方法 同位语从句与其先行词在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”的同位语关系。所以，可以在名词和从句之间加系动词be，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则原句为同位语从句；定语从句是不能够用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。 The belief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries. The belief is that the earth is flat. 指出划线部分是同位语从句还是定语从句