_临床医学概要绪论分析.ppt

临床医学概要绪论 世界卫生组织提出了人类新的健康标准：1、“五快”(机体健康)2、“三良好”(精神健康)来衡量。 ??“三良好” ?一、良好的个性人格。情绪稳定，性格温和；意志坚强，感情丰富；胸怀坦荡，豁达乐观。 二、良好的处世能力。观察问题客观、现实，具有较好的自控能力，能适应复杂的社会环境。 三、良好的人际关系。助人为乐，与人为善，对人际关系充满热情。 社会心理的健康标准 ①适应能力：“适者生存”是生物进化的普遍规律。 ②耐受力：即对精神刺激或心理压力的承受力或抗御能力的统称。 ③控制力：指自我控制和调节的能力。 ④意识水平：意识水平的高低可以从不同方面来量度，一般以注意力水平为客观指标 ⑤社会交往能力：社会交往是人类社会存在与发展的必要条件，也是人类心理活动产生、维持和发展的必要条件。 ⑥康复力：指蒙受精神打击和刺激后心理创伤的复原能力。 ⑦愉快胜于痛苦的道德感：它是信心、勇敢、乐观进取、坚忍不拔等许多优良心理品质形成的坚实基础。一个心理健康的人总能超越道德痛苦而使道德愉快常居主导地位。道德愉快能够拯救道德痛苦的心灵而保持健康的心态。 公元前430年，雅典发生了可怕的瘟疫，许多人突然发烧、呕吐、腹泻、抽筋、身上长满脓疮、皮肤严重溃烂。患病的人接二连三地死去。没过几日，雅典城中便随处可见来不及掩埋的尸首。对这种索命的疾病，人们避之唯恐不及。但此时希腊北边马其顿王国的一位御医，却冒着生命危险前往雅典救治。他一面调查疫情，一面探寻病因及解救方法。不久，他发现全城只有一种人没有染上瘟疫，那就是每天和火打交道的铁匠。他由此设想，或许火可以防疫，于是在全城各处燃起火堆来扑灭瘟疫。?　　这位御医就是被西方尊为“医学之父”的古希腊著名医生，欧洲医学奠基人希波克拉底。? Hippocrates：The Oath of Medicine　　I swear by Apollo, the healer, Asclepius, Hygieia, and Panacea, and I take to witness all the gods, all the goddesses, to keep according to my ability and my judgment, the following Oath and agreement:?To consider dear to me, as my parents, him who taught me?this art; to live in common with him and, if necessary, to share my goods with him; To look upon his children as my own brothers, to teach them this art.I will?prescriberegimens for the good of my patients according to my ability and my judgment and?never do harmto anyone.I will not?give a lethal drug to anyone if I am asked, nor will I advise such a plan; and similarly I will not give a woman a?pessaryto cause an?abortion.But I will preserve the purity of my life and my arts.I will not?cut for stone, even for patients in whom the disease is manifest; I will leave this operation to be performed by practitioners, specialists in?this art.In every house where I come I will enter only for the good of my patients, keeping myself far from all intentional ill-doing and all seduction and especially from the?pleasures of lovewith women or with men, be they free or slaves.All that may come to my knowledge in the exercise of