职业英语专业英语前言.ppt

专业英语;专业外语（Technical English for Mechanical Engineering）是大学阶段在完成英语基础阶段，完成一些相关专业基础课的基础上，必须选修的课程。 学习内容： 1。了解熟悉机械制造相关（工程力学、机械零件、机床、金属加工等等）的专业词汇； 2。了解科技文献、论文的书写格式； 3。了解一些常用词汇在专业科技文献中的特殊用法。;课程教学目的 培养学生对专业语言的理解能力和应用能力；让学生承担专业阅读必需的基本技能和知识，使学生能够以英语为工具获取专业科技知识及其他与专业有关的信息。;专业英语的学习方法 专业英语阅读与普通英语的快速阅读的方法也所不同，专业英语阅读要把准确理解放在首位，在准确理解的基础上提高阅读速度。和其他的英语能力一祥，专业英语阅读能力，需要通过长期的实践才能获得，不可能一蹴而就，多读多练是提高专??英语阅读能力的最有效的方法。;翻译概述 ;专业英语的基本特点;阅读过程中对生词和多义词词义的确定;2.有前后缀的单词词义的确定 词根词义加上前缀或后缀的含义，如 im- imbalance over- overheat 3.合成词词义的确定 基本上是原词义的组合 a).直接结合 n.+n. workholder adj.+n. Blueprint b).连符结合 worker-engineer cut-in under-voltage;几种翻译技巧;B、减词 (a) 省略冠词 Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid or a gas. (b) 省略代词 Hardened steel is difficult to machine, but having been annealed, it can be easily machined. (c) 省略动词 White cast iron is too hard to be machined. (d) 省略名词 The twist drill is the most common type of metal working drill. (e) 省略连词 Up and down motion can be changed to circular motion. (f) 省略介词 The work is placed into a metal box containing carburizing materials (that is materials with carbon content). ;(2) 词类转换法 (a) 原文中的名词、介词和形容词在译成汉语时，有时可译成动词 A steady increase of load on a part will cause it to deform gradually. It is possible to cut all thread forms and sizes on a lathe. (b) 将原文中的形容词和动词译成名词 Steels behave differently from cast iron. (c) 将原文中的副词和名词译成形容词 That physical experiment was a success. ;(3) 成分转换 (a) 介词宾语译成主语 Aluminium is very light in weight. (b) 动词宾语译成主语 Needle bearing have a mach greater length-diameter ratio than cylindrical roller bearing. (c) 主语译成定语 Medium carbon steel is much stronger than low carbon steel. (d) 定语译成谓语 Grinding has better surface finish than milling. (e) 表语译成主语 Two widely used alloys of copper are brass and bronze.;(f) 主语译成宾语 The workers were seen repairing the machine. (g) 状