儿科腹泻病分析.pptVIP

目的要求 Objective 了解小儿体液平衡的特点 Realized: Characteristic of Infantile Body Fluid Balance 熟悉小儿水、电解质和酸碱失衡的病理生理 Be familiar with: Pathophysiology of Infantile Fluid, Electrolyte Acid-base Imbalance 掌握小儿电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱的临床表现 Mastered: Clinical menifestations of Infantile Disturbances of Water, Electrolyte Acid-base Balance 熟悉液体疗法常用溶液的组成及临床应用 Be familiar with :Common Solution Component of Liquid Therapy 掌握小儿腹泻的液体疗法 Mastered: Liquid Therapy of Infantile Diarrhea 概述 Summary 体液是人体的重要组成部分，保持其生理平衡是维持生命的重要条件。体液中水、电解质、酸碱度、渗透压等的动态平衡依赖于神经、内分泌、肺，特别是肾脏等系统的正常调节功能，由于小儿的生理特点，这些系统的功能极易受疾病和外界环境的影响而失调，因此水、电解质和酸碱平衡紊乱在儿科临床中极为常见。 Body fluid is important component of human body and the physiological equilibrium of body fluid is an important factor for human living. The dynamic equilibrium of fluid, electrolyte, acid-base, osmotic pressure depends on normal regulating function of nerve, incretion, lung and kidney. Because of the infantile physiologic peculiarity, These systematic functions are easily affected by diseases and/or environment and are maladjusted. Therefore, the disturbances of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance is common in pediatric clinic. 小儿体液平衡的特点 一 体液的总量和分布 不同年龄的体液分布（占体重的％） ? 年龄 总量 细胞外液 细胞内液 血浆 间质液 足月新生儿 78 6 37 35 1岁 70 5 25 40 2～14岁 66 5 20 40 成人 55～66 5 10～15 40～45 Characteristic of Infantile Body Fluid Balance A. Total body water its distribution Body water compartments related to age (total body mass%) Age TBW ECF ICF Plasma ISF Newborn infant 78 6 37 35 1 year 70 5 25 40 2～14 years 66 5 20 40 Adult 55～66 5 10～15 40～45 TBW: total body water ECF: extracellular fluid ICF: intracellular fluid ISF: interestitial fluid 小儿体液平衡的特点 Characteristic of Infantile Body Fluid Balance 二 体液的电解质组成 Electrolyte composition of body fluid 细胞外液 ECF: Na+ 、 Cl-，HCO3 - 细胞内液 ICF: K + 、Mg 2+ 、HPO4 2-、蛋白质 Protein 三 水代谢的特点 Water metabolism 1. 水的需要量大，