气缸套结设计.doc

摘要 气缸套就是缸套的全称，它镶在缸体的缸筒内，与活塞和缸盖共同组成燃烧室。气缸套分为干缸套和湿缸套两大类。背面不接触冷却水的气缸套叫干缸套，背面和冷却水接触的气缸套是湿缸套。干缸套厚度较薄、结构简单、加工方便。湿缸套直接接触冷却水，所以有利于发动机的冷却，有利于发动机的小型轻量化。,并为活塞起导向作用。燃烧过程中燃气的最高温度可达2 500℃左右,因此缸套的内壁直接受到高温高压燃气作用,而它的外侧又被冷却水包围,在内外壁如此大的温差下,气缸套将会产生一定的热应力及热变形。缸套作为薄壁筒类零件，由于较大的温度梯度将使其产生过大的热变形，与活塞组的正常间隙被破坏，磨损增大，高温将使润滑情况恶化，甚至龟裂；而缸套表面温度过低则对柴油机启动、燃烧过程不利，影响发动机的正常运行。由于气缸套是一薄壁圆筒形零件,缸套的不正常变形将破坏活塞与缸套间的正常间隙,导致工作过程的恶化,所以热应力及热变形都需要控制在一定的范围内。 本研究以380柴油机热负荷为研究对象，系统地探讨了有限元法在柴油机缸套设计中的应用，深入研究了柴油机缸套热负荷对性能和可靠性的影响，同时系统的介绍了有限元分析软件ANSYS的分析特点和步骤，及其在工业设计上应用的广泛性及其对各种分析的重要意义。 本研究首先阐述气缸套的应用作用及设计意义，介绍关于气缸套的分类和作用等各个方面；利用获得的参考文献的温度场及材料各个特性参数的资料，采用有限元分析软件ANSYS对F170干式缸套的热应力及热变形进行分析探讨，对实现缸套的优化设计提供参考。 关键词： 气缸套 有限元 热应力 Abstract Cylinder liner is the name that we call the liner of a cylinder. It sets inside the cylinder barrel and makes up of the combustion chamber together with the piston and cylinder head. Cylinder liners have two kinds: dry and wet cylinder liner .The kind that doesnt touch the cooling water in its back is dry cylinder, the other kind liner is wet liner. The dry cylinder is very thin, very simple and easy machining. Wet cylinders contact with the cooling water directly so that for the engine cooling and the simplification of engine. The cylinder of diesel engines is the space for gas combustion and expansion and it also works as the guiding role for piston. In the process of gas combustion temperature can reach to 2 500 degrees Celsius, therefore the inside wall of cylinder liner is directly under the high temperature and high pressure gas, and its outside wall is surrounded by cooling water. So under the huge difference of temperature the cylinder liner will produce certain thermal stress and deformation. As a spares of thin walls the cylinder liner will produce thermal deformation which is too seriously due to the big temperature difference and will also break the normal clearance of piston groups make more serious friction. The high temperature can make the lubricating property worse, even chap. Ho