aquifer vulnerability assessment and wellhead protection areas to prevent groundwater contamination in agricultural areas an integrated approach含水层脆弱性评估和井口保护区域,防止地下水污染农业地区的一个集成的方法.pdfVIP

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aquifer vulnerability assessment and wellhead protection areas to prevent groundwater contamination in agricultural areas an integrated approach含水层脆弱性评估和井口保护区域,防止地下水污染农业地区的一个集成的方法.pdf

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aquifer vulnerability assessment and wellhead protection areas to prevent groundwater contamination in agricultural areas an integrated approach含水层脆弱性评估和井口保护区域,防止地下水污染农业地区的一个集成的方法

Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2012, 4, 674-685 /10.4236/jwarp.2012.48078 Published Online August 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/jwarp) Aquifer Vulnerability Assessment and Wellhead Protection Areas to Prevent Groundwater Contamination in Agricultural Areas: An Integrated Approach * Stefano Lo Russo , Glenda Taddia Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy * Email: stefano.lorusso@polito.it Received June 22, 2012; revised July 25, 2012; accepted August 3, 2012 ABSTRACT To implement successful policies for the protection of groundwater and curtail the possibility of water supply contami- nation, an early evaluation of aquifer vulnerability is needed. Rather than implementing broad restrictions to land use and effluent discharge, it is more cost-effective and economically favourable to approach protection in a stepwise man- ner by first assessing the intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer when defining the level of land use control that is needed to protect groundwater quality. Following aquifer vulnerability evaluation, specific land uses and restrictions should be defined locally for each water supply within the wellhead protection areas (WHPAs), which are identified by means of the groundwater time of travel (TOT). The WHPA should be established for each individual situation, considering the level of vulnerability of the exploited aquifer. We applied our findings to a specific test site in the Piemonte region of NW Italy, following the current local procedure for individuating the WHPAs. Using data gathered from this site-spe- cific exercise, we ide