associative learning in adhd improved expression under methylphenidate联想学习在adhd改进表达式哌醋甲酯(利他能).pdfVIP

Open Journal of Psychiatry, 2011, 1, 20-29 OJPsych doi: 10.4236/ojpsych.2011.12004 Published Online July 20 11 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/OJPsych/). Associative learning in ADHD: improved expression under methylphenidate Ebrahim Kantini1 1* 2 2 , Helen Joan Cassaday , Martin Joseph Batty , Chris Hollis , Georgina Margaret 2 Jackson 1School of Psychology, University of Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK; 2 Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. E-mail: *helen.cassaday@nottingham.ac.uk Received 12 May 20 11; revised 7 June 2011; accepted 15 June 2011. ABSTRACT tic effects in improving cognitive function in ADHD. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is Keywords: ADHD; Associative Learning; Conditioned characterised by developmentally inappropriate le- Inhibition; Methylphenidate. vels of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. As might be expected of a disorder in which inhibitory 1. INTRODUCTION deficits form part of the diagnostic criteria, deficits in response inhibition in ADHD have been evidenced in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a a number of studies. To date, the tasks used in such pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by studies have required participants to inhibit the developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention and learned stimulus-response associations that result in hyperact