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Open Journal of Thoracic Surgery, 2012, 2, 18-22 / 10.4236/ojts.2012.22006 Published Online June 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ojts) Atrial Fibrillation Predicts Worse Long Time Prognosis after CABG—A 6-Year Survival Analysis Lars P. Riber Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. Email: Larspeterriber@ Received January 27th, 2012; revised February 29th, 2012; accepted March 7th, 2012 ABSTRACT Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation occurs in 5% - 65% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Although postoperative atrial fibrillation is often regarded as a temporary, benign, operation-related problem, it is associated with a two-to threefold increased risk of adverse events, including permanent or transient stroke, acute myocardial infarction, and death. Methods: Two hundred and fifty eligible consecutively enrolled coronary artery bypass grafting patients were included in the randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial RASCABG. That study showed a safe, practical, fea- sible, and effective prophylactic amiodarone regimen, which significantly decreased the risk of atrial fibrillation with 14% (5.0 - 24) from 26% to 11%, with the number needed to treat 6.9 (4.2 - 20). This study is a 6-year follow-up study regarding the long-term prognostic factor of postoperative atrial fibrillation, amiodarone prophylaxis and diabetes mel- litus. Results: The long-term 6-year mortality risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation was 31% equally distributed among patients in the active and in the placebo prophylactic group. The 6-year mortality risk in the sinus rhythm group was 18% likewise equally distributed, whereas the 6-year mortality risk in the background population was approxi- mately 8%. The 6-year mortality risk of diabetes mellitus was 33% equally distri