compliance of a small convenience sample and efficacy of short term modified carbohydrate diet on weight loss in overweight college students a pilot study合规的小便利样本和短期修改碳水化合物饮食对减肥的效果在超重的大学生一个试点研究.pdfVIP

Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2012, 3, 699-704 699 /10.4236/fns.2012.35095 Published Online May 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/fns) Compliance of a Small Convenience Sample and Efficacy of Short Term Modified Carbohydrate Diet on Weight Loss in Overweight College Students: A Pilot Study Jay Kandiah, Dawn Brinson, Valerie Amend Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Ball State University, Muncie, USA. Email: vaamend@ Received February 29th, 2012; revised April 9th, 2012; accepted April 16th, 2012 ABSTRACT The purpose of this pilot study was to determine overweight students’ compliance on low and moderate carbohydrate diets and its influence on weight loss. The 28 day study was divided into two experimental periods of 14 days each. For the first 14 days, Group 1 (n = 6) received LC diet (30 grams carbohydrate/day with ad libitum intake of protein and fat), and group 2 (n = 8) received MC diet (60 grams carbohydrate/day with ad libitum intake of protein and fat). After 14 days, there was a crossover of the diets. Two random 24-hour diet records, urinary ketones, and daily emotional and physical well-being journals evaluated participants’ dietary compliance. Height, weight, body mass index, and urine ketones were assessed at baseline, days 14 and 28. A 2 × 2 ANOVA was conducted to examine the difference between groups and to determine if a difference existed from baseline to the end of the diet period. During the study period, ir- respective of carbohydrate levels, a vast majority of participants had above or below the recommended intake of carbo- hydrates, indicating non-compliance due to various reasons. During each experimental period, although weight loss differences between groups over time did not exist, there was a significant weight loss within subjects over time (p 0.01). Presence of urinar