convex isometric folding凸等距折叠.pdfVIP

Internat. J. Math. Math. Sci. Vol. 23, No. 3 (2000) 217–222 S0161171200001198 © Hindawi Publishing Corp. CONVEX ISOMETRIC FOLDING E. M. ELKHOLY (Received 27 September 1993 and in revised form 5 June 1996) Abstract. We introduce a new type of isometric folding called “convex isometric folding.” We prove that the infimum of the ratio Vol N/ Vol ϕ(N) over all convex isometric foldings ϕ : N → N , where N is a compact 2-manifold (orientable or not), is 1 /4. Keywords and phrases. Isometric and convex foldings, regular and universal covering spaces, manifolds, group of covering transformations, fundamental regions. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 51H10, 57N10. 1. Introduction. A map ϕ : M → N , where M and N are C ∞ Riemannian manifolds of dimensions m and n, respectively, is said to be an isometric folding of M into N if and only if for any piecewise geodesic path γ : J → M , the induced path ϕ ◦γ : J → N is a piecewise geodesic and of the same length. The definition is given by Robertson [4]. The set of all isometric foldings ϕ : M → N is denoted by (M,N). Let p : M → N be a regular locally isometric covering and let G be the group of covering transformations of p. An isometric folding φ ∈ (M) is said to be p-invariant if and only if for all g ∈ G and all x ∈ X , p(ϕ(x)) = p(ϕ(g,x)). See Robertson and Elkholy [5]. The set of p-invariant isometric foldings is denoted by (M,p). i Definition 1.1. Let ϕ ∈ (M,N), where M and N are C ∞ Riemannian manifolds of dimensions m and n, respectively. We say that ϕ is a convex isometric folding if n and only if ϕ(M) can be embedde