double periodic solutions for a ratio-dependent predator-prey system with harvesting terms on time scales双周期解ratio-dependent捕食系统,收获在时间尺度上.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society Volume 2009, Article ID 243974, 12 pages doi:10.1155/2009/243974 Research Article Double Periodic Solutions for a Ratio-Dependent Predator-Prey System with Harvesting Terms on Time Scales Zhenjie Liu School of Mathematics and Computer, Harbin University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China Correspondence should be addressed to Zhenjie Liu, liouj2008@126.com Received 6 April 2009; Accepted 1 September 2009 Recommended by Guang Zhang We investigate a nonautonomous ratio-dependent predator-prey model with Beddington- DeAngelis functional response and multiple harvesting or exploited terms on time scales. By means of using a continuation theorem based on coincidence degree theory, we obtain sufficient criteria for the existence of at least two periodic solutions for the system. Moreover, when the time scale T is chosen as R or Z, the existence of the periodic solutions of the corresponding continuous and discrete models follows. Therefore, the methods are unified to provide the existence of the desired solutions for the continuous differential equations and discrete difference equations. Copyright q 2009 Zhenjie Liu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1. Introduction In recent years, the existence of periodic solutions for the predator-prey model has been widely studied. Models with harvesting or exploited terms are often considered see, e.g., 1–4. Generally, the model with harvesting or exploited terms is described as follows: x˙ xf x, y − h,