中子小角散射实验的一般方法.PDFVIP

CNIC-01970 CAEP-0236 中子小角散射实验的一般方法 彭梅孙良卫王晓影 (中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所，绵阳，621900) 摘要 中子小角散射属于相干弹性散射，确切地讲应该称作低 q 散 射。小角散射的出现，是由于样品中存在尺度大于原子问距离的不 均匀结构，从而具有中子散射长度密度差异。小角散射前后散射矢 量大小不变，但方向发生了改变。文章对中子小角散射实验方法进 行了系统介绍，包括归纳了中子散射基本理论和几个重要的近似法 则，详细介绍了中子小角散射实验准备方法以及实验测量过程，同时 对数据处理方法和实验数据处理结果的误差判定作了简介O 关键词:中子小角散射实验方法 误差判定 13 GeneraI Experimental Method of Small Angle Neutron Scattering (1n Chinese) PE l\G ~ei SUN Liangwei W ANG Xiaoying Clnstitute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry , CAEP , Mianyang , 621900) ABSTRACT Small angle neutron scattering belongs to coherent elastic scattering , and for more accurate , it should called as low q scattering. Because there are some inhomogeneous structure in which size is bigger than the distance of two atoms in the sample , so there is diHerence of neutron scattering length. After the scat- tering , the magnitude of scattering vector is not change but the direction of it will change. The experimental method of small angle neutron scattering has been introduced in this pape r. The basic theories and several approximations has been sumed up and the preparation of experiment and the measurements have been described in detai l. Meanwhile , the data treatment ways and the error estimation of result of data treatment also have been given briefly. Key words: Small angle neutron scattering , Experimental method , Error estimation 14 手| 中子小角散射属于相干弹性散射，确切地讲应该称作 ..低 q 散射小角散射的出现，是由于样品中存在尺度大 于原子问距离的不均匀结构，从而具有中子散射长度密度 差异乌ρ ，如果 !:J.p=O ， 即样品中结构均匀，则不会出现中子 小角散射[13J 小角散射前后散射矢