TheRiseofModernphilosophy(部分翻译,中英文对照).docxVIP

6Metaphysics形而上学The Metaphysics of Suarez苏亚雷斯的而形而上学It was through the Disputationes Metaphysicae of Francisco Suarez, 通过弗朗西斯科苏亚雷斯的《形而上学辩》，directly or indirectly, that the metaphysics of the medieval 直接或间接地，中世纪经院scholastics became known to the philosophers of the early modern age. 形而上学哲学家被称为现代时期的早期的哲学家。Suarez was well acquainted with the works of his medieval predecessors, and he summarized their views, codiWed their positions, and built up 苏亚雷斯非常熟悉他的中世纪的前辈的作品，他总结了自己的观点，并从他们提供his own system by choosing options from the menu that they offer. A 的观点中选择，建立了自己的系统。summary of the main positions of the Disputationes accordingly provides a good starting point for a consideration of the metaphysics of our 一个对Disputationes主要地位的总结相应的提供提供了一个思考我们时代的形而上学的一个很好的起点。period.Suarez starts from Aristotle’s definition of the subject as the discipline that studies being qua being. He expands on this by offering 苏亚雷斯从亚里士多德的主体界定为研究作为存在的学科。a classificationof different types of being, proceeding by a series 他通过提供不同类型的一个分类，通过一系列的二元对立出发扩大了。of dichotomies. First there is the division between infinite being首先，有无限的存在和有限的存在， and finite being, or, as he often says, between ens a se (that which 或者说，正如他常说的那样，has being of itself) and ens ab alio (that which has being from 在自身存在于从其他存在而来的存在之间。elsewhere). The creaturely world offinite being is then divided first of all into substance and accident. Substances are things like 有限的被造的世界将首先为物质和事故stars and dogs and pebbles which subsist on their own; accidents are物质的东西像星星和狗和鹅卵石，靠自己； entities like brightness, fierceness, and hardness which exist only by inhering in substances and have no independent history.事故主体的亮度和硬度，凶猛，只存在由遗传物质并没有独立的历史。We can proceed further if we wish by subdividing substances into 如果我们希望我们把物质分为分为生物和非生物的物质，living and non-living, and living substances into animal and vegetableand so on; we can also identify at least nine different然后把生物物质细分为动物和植物等；kinds of accidents corresponding to Aristotle’s categories. But such 我们还可以确定至少九种不同类型的事故对应于亚里士多德的类别。f