网络基础介绍1.ppt

Purpose: This figure continues to explain how TCP uses port numbers. Emphasize: In most cases the TCP port number on one side of a conversation is the same on the other side. For example, when a file transfer takes place, the software on one host is communicating with a peer application on another host. In this example we see a Telnet (TCP port 23) session. It is possible to have multiple Telnet sessions running simultaneously on a host or router. Telnet selects an unused port number above 1023 to represent the source port for each independent session. Notice that the destination port is still 23. Port numbering is important to understand in order to configure IP extended access lists. The lack of symmetry in port number use is a critical factor in establishing effective security. Layer 1 of 3: Host A begins by sending a SYN segment indicating that host A will use sequence numbers starting with sequence number 100. Emphasize: TCP is a simple protocol in terms of connection establishment. Some protocols have dozens of negotiation messages that are transmitted prior to session initialization. TCP implements a strategy that is both necessary and sufficient. Layer 2 of 3: Host B sends an ACK and acknowledges the SYN it received from host A. Host B also sends a SYN. Note that the acknowledgment field indicates host B is now expecting to hear sequence 101, acknowledging the SYN that occupied sequence 100. Layer 3 of 3: In the next segment, host A sends some data. Note that the sequence number of the segment in step 3 is the same as as the ACK in step 2. Emphasize: This sequence is like two people talking. The first person wants to talk to the second, so she says, “I would like to talk with you.” (SYN.) The second person responds, “Good. I want to talk with you.” (SYN, ACK.) The first person then says, “Fine—let us talk. Here is what I have to say.” (SYN, ACK, DATA.) At this point either side can begin communicating and either side can break the connection. TCP