twistings, crossed coproducts, and hopf-galois coextensions纽约州,跨过了副产物,hopf-galois共同扩张.pdf

IJMMS 2003:69, 4325–4345 PII. S0161171203212400 © Hindawi Publishing Corp. TWISTINGS, CROSSED COPRODUCTS, AND HOPF-GALOIS COEXTENSIONS S. CAENEPEEL, DINGGUO WANG, and YANXIN WANG Received 1 December 2002 Let H be a Hopf algebra. Ju and Cai (2000) introduced the notion of twisting of an H -module coalgebra. In this paper, we study the relationship between twistings, crossed coproducts, and Hopf-Galois coextensions. In particular, we show that a twisting of an H -Galois coextension remains H -Galois if the twisting is invertible. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 16W30. 1. Introduction. A fundamental result in Hopf-Galois theory is the normal basis theorem, stating that, for a finitely generated cocommutative Hopf al- gebra H over a commutative ring k, the set of isomorphism classes of Galois H -objects that are isomorphic to H as an H -comodule is a group, and this group is isomorphic to the second Sweedler cohomology group H 2 (H,k) (see [14]). The Galois object corresponding to a 2-cocycle is then given by a crossed product construction. The crossed product construction can be generalized to arbitrary Hopf algebras and plays a fundamental role in the theory of exten- sions of Hopf algebras (see [3, 11]). Also in this more general situation, it turns out that there is a close relationship between crossed products on one side and Hopf-Galois extensions and cleft extensions on the other side (cf. [3, 4, 11]). A survey can be found in [13]. An alternative way to deform the multiplication on an H -comodule algebra A has been proposed in [ 1], using the so-called twisting of A, and it was shown that the crossed product construction can be viewed as a special case of the twisting construction. The relation between twistings and H -Galois extensions was studied in [2]. Now, there exists a