risk of pacemaker patients by taser x26 contact mode application泰瑟枪的起搏器患者风险x26接触模式应用程序.pdf

Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, 2012, 4, 96-100 / 10.4236/jemaa.2012.42012 Published Online February 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/jemaa) Risk of Pacemaker Patients by TASER X26 Contact Mode * Application Norbert Leitgeb, Florian Niedermayr, Robert Neubauer, Gerhard Loos Institute of Health Care Engineering with European Notified Body of Medical Devices, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria. Email: norbert.leitgeb@tugraz.at Received December 22nd, 2011; revised January 20th, 2012; accepted January 29th, 2012 ABSTRACT The prevalence of pacemaker patients among the general population and of conducted energy devices (CED) for law enforcement and self-defence is increasing. Consequently, the question whether cardiac pacemaker (CPM) patients are on particular risk becomes increasingly important. The risk of Taser X26 electric interference with implanted CPM has been investigated by numerical simulation at MRI-based anatomical models of CPM patients with devices implanted at conventional sites (left pectoral, right pectoral and abdominal) and with the monopolar CPM electrode placed at the ventricular apex. In spite of 10 fold higher peak voltages the different coupling conditions make Taser-induced CPM interference voltages lower than those caused by external cardiac defibrillators. It is shown that electric interference considerably depends on ECD electrode orientation. The most unfavourable conditions are encountered with ECD elec- trodes aligned with the line from the CPM electrode tip to CPM can (EPC line). It could be shown that worst case inter- ference voltages of monopolar pacemakers of any kind of implantation remain below the pulse immunity level as de- fined in safety standards of implantable cardiac pacemakers and of cardioverter defibrillators. However, interference voltages exceed CPM sensing thresholds. Therefore, capturing should be expected at Ta